PAPER MACHIE

Paper Machie:-

Papier Mache is another form of handicraft that has brought J&K wide acclaim from all regions of the world. To make Papier Mache objects, the process is very long and tedious. First the paper is soaked in water till the time it completely dismantles. The paper is then mashed and is mixed with an adhesive solution. The pulp is then molded into desired shape and is dried. The outlay of the object is now ready. Now is the time for artisans to color it and draw intricate and brilliant designs on it. The product is now ready to hit the market. The first look on these splendorous object itself will compel you to make them your own. There are cheaper versions of Papier Mache as well that are made up of cardboard. Pen boxes, table lamps, show pieces and other decorative items are few that are made from Papier Mache.

At first glance, all papièr mâchè objects look roughly the same, but there is a price differential which depends on the quality of the product. However, besides at least three different grades of papièr mâchè, some are actually cardboard or wood! The idea, however, is not to hoodwink the unwary, but to provide a cheaper product with the look of papièr mâchè. To make papièr mâchè, first paper is soaked in water till it disintegrates. It is then pounded, mixed with an adhesive solution, shaped over moulds, and allowed to dry and set before being printed and varnished. Paper that has been pounded to pulp has the smoothest finish in the final product. When the pounding has not been so thorough, the finish is less smooth. The designs painted on objects of papièr mâchè are brightly coloured. They vary in artistry and the choice of colours, and it is not difficult to tell a mediocre piece from an excellent one. Gold is used on most objects, either as the only colour, or as a highlight for certain motifs. Besides the finish of the product, it is the quality of gold used which determines the price. Pure gold leaf, which has an unmistakable lustre, is far more expensive than bronze dust or gold poster paint. Varnish, which is applied to the finished product, imparts a high gloss and smoothness, and increases with every coat applied. Papier Mache, today, has become highly stylized and appealing by using real gold and silver paint and by adding intricate decorations. The designs and decorations of the Kashmiri Papier Mache, usually in the form of flowers and birds, have a strong Persian flavor. The paper Mache objects produced in Kashmir today vary from Christmas ornaments to coasters and include boxes of every imaginable size and shape. These objects are not only beautifully decorated, but are surprisingly light and strong. Their coating of lacquer protects them from water and gives them extra durability.
Nowadays artisans have started using cardboard instead of paper. The object is not to deceive tourists but to reduce the price of these artifacts. Papier-mache vases, bowls and other decorative items have exquisite traditional designs in vibrant colors on them. The commonly used motifs on these artifacts are images of the maple leaf, kingfishers, flowers, birds and other attractive designs.

KASHMIRI GABBA AND NAMDA

Gabba and Namda:-

Gabba is a recycled byproduct. Old woolen blankets are up cycled into this crafty piece of art. These woolen blankets are washed, dyed and stitched together to form a base on which the embroidery is crafted. To increase the life of the blanket and to make it sturdier a waste cotton cloth was sewed on the back side of this blanket. After all this treatment the blanket gets engulfed by the crewel embroidery which is a form of embroidery using a woolen thread. Once the “Gabba” is ready it is generally used as a carpet and even as a mattress and bedcover to offer warm and cozy environments in this chilly cold of Kashmir. To commercialize “Gabba”, new blankets are used and a chain stitch is used to weave out beautiful floral and geometrical patterns. 

Description about “Gabba” is not complete without an analogous piece of art called “Namda”. “Namda” is made after felting the wool. For namda the wool is not weaved. In some parts of Kashmir, the wool is mixed with cotton so as to obtain the white color fabric as well as a convenient fabric for needle to show magic. Generally the thread used is colorful and beautiful color contrasts are used to create artistic patterns and designs to give a shine, strength and color to the namda. The use of namda is same as that of a gabba. Other than being used as carpets and mattresses, Namda are also made in smaller sizes so as to be made useful as prayer rugs. Needle work used to create a namda is the famous “Aari” work of Kashmir which uses a hooked needle to make the embroidery. And in comparison to gabba, namdas are more famous in other states of India as well as internationally.All Kashmir houses, be it a rich man’s house or a poor ones, everyone has arrangements of sitting on the floor. They take care of their guests sitting down on the floor. And the floor gets agonizingly cold to sit upon during winters. And for saving all during winters and to provide all with a cozy sitting arrangement on the floor, namda and gabba would come to rescue.